Forced Marriage: What It Is and Why It Matters

When a person is pushed into marriage without their free and full consent, that’s a forced marriage. It isn’t just a family issue; it breaks the law, hurts mental health, and can trap victims in abuse. In India, many families still arrange marriages, but the line is crossed when pressure turns into threats, intimidation, or even violence. Understanding the signs can keep you or someone you know safe.

How to Spot a Forced Marriage

First, listen to the language people use. If someone says they’re “must” get married or talks about a deadline that feels like a command, that’s a red flag. Look for isolation – the person may be cut off from friends, school, or work so they can’t speak freely. Threats can be direct, like saying “If you refuse, the family will be disgraced,” or subtle, such as threatening financial ruin or refusing to support the victim.

The speed of the arrangement is another clue. A rushed wedding within days, especially after a sudden crisis, often means consent is being ignored. Also, watch for any sign that the person is hiding their true feelings – forced smiles, avoiding eye contact, or sudden silence when the marriage topic comes up.

Getting Help and Legal Protection

If you suspect a forced marriage, act quickly. The first step is to talk to a trusted adult – a teacher, a counselor, or a family member who respects the victim’s wishes. In India, the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act and the Juvenile Justice Act provide legal routes to stop a marriage involving minors. For adults, the Indian Penal Code covers kidnapping and forced sexual acts, which can be applied when force is involved.

Contact the police if there is immediate danger. You can also reach out to helplines like the National Commission for Women (NCW) or NGOs such as Childline (1098) and the Women’s Legal Aid Cell. These groups can offer counseling, legal advice, and sometimes temporary shelter.

Record everything – dates, threats, conversations, and any evidence like messages or emails. This documentation strengthens any legal case and helps authorities act faster. If you’re a friend, offer a safe space to talk and let the person know you’re on their side. Avoid pressuring them to decide; let them set the pace.

In many states, courts can issue an injunction to stop a marriage that hasn’t yet taken place. A lawyer can file a petition under Section 498A (cruelty) or the Domestic Violence Act to protect the victim. Remember, the law is there to help, but you need to take the first step.

After a forced marriage is stopped, the healing process begins. Professional counseling, support groups, and community awareness can reduce stigma and help victims rebuild confidence. Encouraging education and financial independence also lowers the risk of future coercion.

Forced marriage isn’t just a cultural tradition; it’s a violation of human rights. By recognizing the warning signs, knowing your legal options, and reaching out for help, you can protect yourself or someone you care about. Stay alert, stay informed, and don’t be afraid to speak up.